2025-10-09 13:45 Tags:History
很好!“Recant” 是一个在历史、宗教或政治语境中常出现的词,非常有戏剧性。
📖 基本意思
recant (v.) = 公开放弃或撤回自己原先的信仰、主张或言论(尤其是在压力之下)
📘 英文定义:
To publicly withdraw or renounce a statement, belief, or opinion—especially one that is considered heretical or controversial.
💬 举例
-
Under pressure from the church, Galileo recanted his claim that the Earth moves around the Sun.
→ 在教会压力下,伽利略公开否认了“地球绕太阳转”的说法。 -
The prisoner refused to recant his political beliefs.
→ 那名囚犯拒绝放弃自己的政治信仰。
🕯️ 词源与语感
来自拉丁语 re-(again/back)+ cantare(to sing, say),
字面意思就是“把说过的话收回”。
所以可以理解为:
“to take back what you said or believed.”
⚖️ 同义词对比
| 单词 | 含义 | 语气 |
|---|---|---|
| recant | 正式地、公开地撤回信仰或言论(常用于宗教或政治) | 严肃 |
| retract | 撤回声明、指控或言论(可用于一般语境) | 中性 |
| renounce | 放弃某种信仰、国籍或权利 | 正式 |
| repent | 忏悔、后悔 | 宗教或道德语境 |
🧠 小总结
“Recant” 通常暗示 外部压力(如教会、政府、权威),
而“Retract” 只是普通的“收回说法”,没有这种政治或宗教紧张感。
要不要我给你讲讲“Martin Luther refused to recant”的那一幕?那是欧洲宗教改革的关键转折点,非常震撼。
好问题——这个名字几乎是哲学史的起点。
🧠 全名
René Descartes(勒内·笛卡尔)
📅 生于 1596 年,卒于 1650 年
📍 法国哲学家、数学家、物理学家
他被称为:
“现代哲学之父”(the father of modern philosophy)
也是“解析几何之父”(the father of analytic geometry)
💬 代表思想
1. “我思故我在”(Cogito, ergo sum)
I think, therefore I am.
他在怀疑一切(包括感官、世界、上帝)之后,发现唯一无法怀疑的是:
👉 “我正在怀疑、我在思考”
→ 所以,思考者的存在是确定的。
这是理性主义的起点(Rationalism)——
他认为理性(reason)比感官经验更可靠。
2. 笛卡尔二元论(Cartesian Dualism)
他认为世界由两种不同的实体组成:
-
心灵(mind):思维的东西
-
身体(body):延展的东西(有形体)
这个“心身二元论”后来影响了心理学、神经科学、AI 等无数领域。
📐 数学贡献
他发明了:
- 笛卡尔坐标系(Cartesian coordinate system)
→ 把几何与代数结合起来,从而诞生了“解析几何”。
比如我们熟悉的 (x, y) 坐标就是他提出的。
所以“Cartesian plane”其实就是“笛卡尔平面”。
⚰️ 小趣事
笛卡尔后来受邀去瑞典当女王的私人哲学教师,但因为气候太冷、作息不合(女王喜欢清晨上课😅),他在那儿感染肺炎去世。
🌍 简单总结
| 领域 | 贡献 |
|---|---|
| 哲学 | 理性主义,“我思故我在”,怀疑论方法 |
| 科学 | 提倡用数学和理性解释自然 |
| 数学 | 坐标系、解析几何 |
| 影响 | 开启现代哲学与科学方法 |
Sure 😂 here’s the funny (but true!) story of René Descartes — in English:
⚰️ The Philosopher Who Died from Waking Up Too Early
In 1649, Queen Christina of Sweden — one of the most educated rulers in Europe — wanted to make her royal court a center of philosophy and science.
So she invited René Descartes, the famous French philosopher (“I think, therefore I am”), to become her personal philosophy tutor.
☕️ Problem: totally different lifestyles
Descartes loved quiet mornings, late breakfasts, and long hours of thinking in a warm room.
Queen Christina, however, woke up at 5:00 a.m. and demanded lessons before sunrise.
And remember — this was in Stockholm in winter, where it’s freezing and dark almost all day. 🥶
❄️ What happened next
Descartes tried to adapt, but the cold Swedish air and his new “royal morning routine” were too much.
Within a few months, he caught pneumonia and died in 1650, at only 53 years old.
So yes — the man who founded modern philosophy literally died from getting up too early to think. 😅
🧠 Fun fact
When his body was later sent back to France, his skull went missing, and several “Descartes’ skulls” now exist in European museums — no one’s quite sure which one is real.
💬 Modern moral of the story
“Never schedule philosophy lessons before sunrise — even for a queen.” 👑
Would you like me to write a short 100-word storytelling version (like a funny post or reel script) based on this? It’s perfect for improving your C1–C2 English narrative tone.